High Performance Work Practice

Question: Examine about the High Performance Work Practice. Answer: Presentation: Superior work practice is one of the significant approaches of human asset techniques so as to animate representatives for improving the hierarchical exhibition. It has been seen that associations achievement is exceptionally subject to the exhibition of workers. The administration gave by each individual representative is the best weapon to win authoritative income. Individuals from various geological markets will in general be related with a specific business association as its workers. In this way, human asset directors are principally capable on the most proficient method to build up the representative execution at the work environment. Harvey Norman is prominently known as one of the biggest global retail organizations arranged in Australia. Among the few retail parts, Harvey Norman fundamentally manages furniture, bedding, PC, interchanges, electrical items thus many. Behind picking up the acknowledgment of worldwide nations this specific association has actualized significant methodologies and arrangements at the working environment (harveynorman.com.au, 2017). Among those procedures, the significance of elite work practice is generally noticeable. While managing the representatives, the human asset chiefs of Harvey Norman have consistently meant to inspire the soul of these workers with the goal that they can perform well for the further advancement of business. This specific investigation has given a basic assessment on how this specific association has applied superior work practice at the working environment for invigorating the worker. Probably the best hindrances in executing this particular strategy have additionally been talked about in this specific examination. Nonetheless, while talking about the effect of superior work practice on Harvey Norman a portion of the researchers have communicated various feelings in regards to this particular subject. The examination has basically assessed on how Harvey Norman with the assistance of this specific procedure can spur the representatives for rendering the business achievement (harveynorman.com.au, 2017). Conversation: Kehoe and Wright (2013) opined that three significant parts of worker commitment are there that incorporates psychological angle, passionate viewpoint and conduct perspective. According to the intellectual angle, the idea of the worker in regards to the association, its supervisors, pioneers and arrangements is generally noticeable. In view of the authoritative societies and practices, the connection among chiefs and representatives the accomplishment of a specific business association is profoundly needy. According to the passionate perspective, it has been suggested that representatives ought to have an inclination for one another while cooperating inside a business association. In other word, while working inside a group each individual representative should show their thoughtful perspectives towards one another regardless of having distinctive social mentalities and foundations. Then again, conduct perspective incorporates representatives ought to keep up an appropriate conduct a nd order at the work environment. Nonetheless, these significant three angles is exceptionally huge for rendering the accomplishment of a business association. Headquartered in New South Wales this specific association, Harvey Norman has just settled their whole business process in global nations. A large number of workers are straightforwardly related for the advancement of this particular association. In this way, the human asset administrators of Harvey Norman have chosen to execute superior work practice at the working environment so as to energize the representatives towards meeting the business objective. Jensen, Patel and Messersmith (2013) expressed that representative inspiration is the idea that plans to produce the soul of workers for giving their best administrations to the clients. The essential goals of Harvey Norman in actualizing superior work practice are raising the degree of representative exhibition. The business specialists of Harvey Norman so as to build the exhibition level of representatives have followed a portion of the significant systems. Boxall (2012) opined that the usage of motivation and reward conspire for t hose workers who are adaptable enough to give additional time obligation is one of the best systems to energize the representatives towards arriving at business objective. Patel, Messersmith and Lepak (2013) opined that the representatives of this specific association are adaptable enough to get vital offices and advantages from the authoritative chiefs because of any sort of medical problem. The businesses of Harvey Norman will in general take whole obligations regarding those representatives who need to confront any significant medical problem at the working environment. Subsequently, the workers don't need to confront difficulties while confronting medical problem inside the association. Then again, the human asset chiefs of Harvey Norman by masterminding a relational correspondence at the end of the week will in general think about the important issues and hindrances that the representatives need to look at the work environment. Subsequently, the inward connection between each individual representative and human asset administrator is a lot of powerful. Niehaves, Kffer and Ortbach (2012) expressed that these sorts of constructive outcomes exception ally consider the presentation level of the workers. Harvey Norman while executing an individual representative inside the business association will in general spotlight on their aptitude and level of competency instead of their strict foundations. Therefore, this particular association needed to confront countless issues at the working environment. Individuals, having a place with various societies and perspectives, cooperate at the association of Harvey Norman. While making cooperation the representatives need to confront a few obstructions, for example, correspondence hindrance, mental boundaries, social obstructions, strict boundaries, etc. Because of the phonetic obstruction, particularly the representative of Harvey Norman neglected to trade significant data with one another. Accordingly, this sort of correspondence hole profoundly influences the whole execution level of workers. Waal and Sivro (2012) expressed that the ramifications of superior work practice infers that individuals having a place with various social perspectives should make a gathering conversation meeting at consistently. In this specific gathering conversation, individuals from various social foundation participate and share their assessment with respect to a specific subject. The basic role of Harvey Norman is to get those workers required towards a pa rticular theme so the representative can take aggregate choice. Aggregate choice is had with significant positive effect. So as to execute elite work practice Harvey Norman has chosen to follow participative style of initiative at the working environment. Chadwick, Super and Kwon (2015) opined that the best reasons of utilizing participative type of authority style at the work environment are worker commitment. In this particular type of authority style, the pioneers include the workers to impart their insight with respect to the business objective. Thus, both the businesses and the representatives have the equivalent option to take a business choice. Robbins et al. (2015) expressed that participative type of initiative isn't a lot of powerful every an ideal opportunity for upgrading the exhibition level of representatives. Harvey Norman has confronted the comparative experience. It has been seen that the representatives of Harvey Norman at a time began to abuse the administration style. They will in general express their sentiment in such a way the business chiefs needed to confront challenges in keepi ng up that specific choice for business progress. In this sort of circumstance, a significant hole had been brought up in the middle of the workers and the business heads. Contingent upon the circumstance, hierarchical chiefs need to actualize initiative style at the working environment, be it despotic, participative or transformational. Meyers and van Woerkom (2014) expressed that superior work practice is the applied structure that forced the business representatives for performing great towards arriving at the business objective. This specific hierarchical practice empowers the representatives to perform well so as to fulfill the necessities and needs of workers. Behind creation Harvey Norman as a global retail division, the commitments of workers are irrefutable. The human asset supervisors consistently prefer to lean toward giving proficient preparing and direction to the workers of Harvey Norman with the assistance of which they become effective in meeting the current pattern of market. Then again, this specific association is having web based business process also (Patel Conklin, 2012). With the assistance of web based business, the representatives can speak with the clients of various topographical limits. In this manner, with the assistance of superior work practice the representatives have been given a powe rful preparing to expanding their presentation on mechanical ability. Accordingly, the representatives of Harvey Norman are effective for taking care of any sort of abrupt mechanical boundaries at the work environment. The exhibition of workers being founded on innovations is a lot of dynamic in meeting clients desire. End: The whole investigation has given inside and out diagram about the significance of and criticalness of superior work practice on the representatives. Human asset administrators so as to energize the representatives at working environment will in general execute some significant activities. Keeping up a compelling worker connection at working environment is exceptionally significant with the assistance of which representatives can be persuaded towards performing admirably at inside the association. Harvey Norman in the wake of extending their business in various geological limits has chosen to delegate the workers from various social foundation. Assorted variety at the working environment empowers the association to settle on aggregate choice. Then again, after the development of income, the representatives of Harvey Norman get num

Grenz Review Free Essays

TY 170 February 23, 2009 Grenz Review over the long haul, various subjects are introduced all through society. These subjects will in general make endeavors at refuting its ancestor. In Stanley J. We will compose a custom exposition test on Grenz Review or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Grenz’ book, A Primer on Postmodernism, he examines the two latest thoughts bolstered by people in general; innovation and postmodernism. The restriction is evident between the periods of advancement and postmodernity. As depicted by Grenz, innovation centers around the individual, utilizing thinking as a wellspring of reality. This conviction makes truth be relative. Postmodernity’s point of convergence is the gathering, as opposed to the person. Truth, in the postmodern view, is made by instinct and feeling, making it be developed. Grenz additionally talks about both the issues postmodernity present on Christianity and the likenesses among postmodernism and Christianity. Grenz’ representation of postmodernism is precise for what society is confronting today. So as to comprehend the contrasts among innovation and postmodernism as Grenz has characterized them, first comprehension of how every wa made is required. Innovation is based around meta-accounts; stories that interface everybody together. The most significant meta-account of innovation is the generally accepted fact of science. One of the most significant builds of advancement is independence, whereupon every cutting edge mastermind based their work. â€Å"Most students of history propose that the advanced period was conceived when the Enlightenment carried new would like to war-assaulted Europe† (57). The Enlightenment had four standards; â€Å"Reason, nature, self-governance, and harmony† (68). These standards made the establishment for present day scholars. Numerous advanced scholars all through the period, paying little heed to their order, â€Å"Turned to the thinking subject as opposed to divine disclosure as the beginning stage for information and reflection† (65). Through these establishments set for advancement, the cutting edge rationalists went to science in help for their speculations. â€Å"Thinkers, for example, Descartes, Newton, and Kant gave the scholarly establishment to the cutting edge era† (80). Rene Descartes was one of the principal present day scholars of his time, â€Å"often being alluded to as the dad of current philosophy† (63). At the point when Descartes irst set out on his excursion for information, he set out with question, looking for unadulterated truth that uncertainty couldn't deny (64). In the same way as other different masterminds of that period, he â€Å"Attempted to present the meticulousness of numerical exhibition into all fields of knowledge,† on the grounds that he ac cepted that the certainties of science were more concrete than information dependent on perception (64). Descartes in the long run arrived at the goal of his looking; the one thing that couldn't be questioned was one’s own reality. His better approach for deduction prompted an alternate viewpoint of the human individual. His work characterized â€Å"The individual as deduction substance and the human individual as an independent balanced subject† (64). This new definition upheld Augustine’s reasoning; â€Å"Cogito hence total †‘I think, subsequently I am,† (64). In spite of the fact that Descartes’ work didn't find subjectivity, â€Å"the boss significance of his commitment lies in his accentuation on close to home understanding and individual information, on information emerging from the individual’s extraordinary purpose of view† (64). His job in the Enlightenment cleared the way for his cutting edge thinking replacements. Following Descartes’ work, Newton started making his own engraving on the world, accentuating the significance of science. His work concentrated on attempting to clarify the functions of his universe that he saw as a â€Å"Grand, organized machine,† (67). Newton’s thought of the world as a machine gave the system to advancement. Newton accepted that by review the world as a machine, he would have the option to know its developments since it would adhere to a lot of unmistakable laws (67). His plan drove present day masterminds to have a robotic comprehension of the world, instead of a characteristic view (50). In spite of the fact that Newton took a gander at the logical clarifications of the world, his goal was to clarify the presence of God. Like Descartes, Newton utilized the intensity of motivation to improve the significance of religious philosophy. â€Å"The present day world ended up being Newton’s unthinking universe populated by Descartes’ self-sufficient, objective substance† (67). Through Newton’s work, different scholars had the establishment expected to establish their own connections with the universe of innovation. In the end, thinkers started scrutinizing the Enlightenment and innovation all in all. Through Immanuel Kant’s work, he reinforced the ties among society and innovation, which related himself with the start of the Enlightenment. Kant’s most significant commitment to innovation was his distribution of Critique of Pure Reason (57). His investigate reinforced the help of innovation and ended all scrutinizing of it. Kant looked to make an increasingly solid stage for mysticism through his composition (76). He guessed that the psyche is systematical in arranging sensations from the outside world. â€Å"According to Kant, the human individual isn't just an animal equipped for sense experience transport likewise a good being† (77). Kant accepted that by living ethically, one lives the manner in which he wishes all individuals would live. He contended that the ethical part of human presence is basically discerning (78). This perspective on presence made the domain of down to earth reason, which urged other present day rationalists to focus on the individual self. This mindfulness originated from Kant presenting the possibility that oneself is â€Å"not simply the focal point of philosophical consideration however the whole topic of philosophy† (79). Through this idea, Kant guided his focus toward the individual monumental reality. Kant’s work gave future scholars the ideas expected to comprehend and in the end deconstruct advancement. Johann Gottlieb Fichte worked off of Kant’s disclosures. He acknowledged Kant’s work yet additionally â€Å"Was empowered to detonate it from the inside† (87). Fichte would not like to take out Kant’s thoughts, however rather needed â€Å"To uncover the Kantian ‘fiction’ of a target world existing in its own privilege past the self,† (87). Through his work, Kant stressed the thought â€Å"that oneself makes and decides the items that establish its own outer world† (87). Subsequently, the domain that Kant professes to know through ‘pure’ reason, Fichte cases to deliver through the activity of ‘practical’ reason† (87). His work has made an opportunity that â€Å"is significant in light of the fact that it holds the capability of freeing us from a solitary method of comprehension the world ,† (88). Fichte figured out how to break up Kant’s thought of a flat out reality through â€Å"eliminating the noumenal realm† (88). In spite of the fact that he neutralized Kant from multiple points of view, Fichte figured out how to maintain Kant’s idea of irrefutably oneself (87). Fichte, alongside other thinkers’, convictions prompted what is presently viewed as the postmodernism period by scrutinizing the setting of advancement and its constructors. Postmodernism is the insignificant dismissal of the thoughts that innovation and the Enlightenment support. The principle hypothesis that postmodernism rejects is the develop of independence. In its reprimand of innovation, it additionally dismisses the cutting edge topic of meta-stories, with the exception of its own. The postmodern world doesn't accept that all information is acceptable, nor that information is objective. They see life on earth as delicate and accept that the proceeded with presence of mankind is subject to another demeanor of collaboration instead of conquest† (7). Postmodern convictions have an increasingly negative view on the world, instead of the advanced thought. Postmoderns accept that the world is â€Å"historical, social, and personal† (7). The primary postmodern vi ew is that everything is not quite the same as everything (7). â€Å"Many voices have joined the postmodern melody. Be that as it may, of these, three loom as both focal and paradigmatic †Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Richard Rorty. They comprise a trio of postmodern prophets† (123). Michel Foucault was persevering in the dismissal of the advanced perspective. He contended that â€Å"reason and sane talk are hazardous.. , in light of the fact that they necessitate that we crush the assortment of reality into the fake homogeneity that obliges our concepts† (127). His aims were not to introduce the thoughts of a superior society, however to get request. This new society that Foucault introduced was called â€Å"’heterotopia,’† rather than the cutting edge perspective on â€Å"utopia† (20). Foucault concentrated on the association among information and force with respect to social frameworks, expressing that â€Å"every understanding of the truth is a declaration of power† (6). Foucault accepted that this force was â€Å"the intensity of violence† (59). He utilized lineage to increase a superior comprehension of how we showed up to the convictions upheld by society (135). â€Å"According to Foucault, the act of parentage illuminates us that history isn't constrained by fate or some regulative instrument yet is the result of aimless conflicts† (136). He uncovers himself to be the model postmodern by making the affirmation that â€Å"no regular request lies behind what we concoct through our utilization of language† (137). Foucault gave another outlet to the recently shaped idea to be deciphered by future thinkers. Ensuing to Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida reworked a few thoughts of postmodernism. In contrast to Foucault, Derrida had various perspectives on what was in co

IELTS Essay Band 9 Samples

IELTS Essay Band 9 SamplesIELTS Essay Band 9 is a pre-assessment exam given to test takers who have passed the first two tests in the IELTS English Language Assessment Programme. These tests assess the candidates' skills of speaking, listening and writing as well as their pronunciation skills. The first two rounds of the test are used to establish how a student's writing will sound and interact with the listeners in real life.These tests are given twice in each language - one on the written and the other on the oral test. Usually the same series of questions are given to both the written and the oral part of the test. This creates a matrix of a syllabus that makes it easier for test takers to understand the structure of the test.Essay Band 9 samples include sample questions, test tips and explanations and pre-tests that make it easy for students to understand the questions and answers. It is important to know that this test also includes the verbal part of the IELTS tests. Students a re asked to speak about a story in English. The syllabus is structured so that students are taught by hearing and reading, and they must listen and speak.The syllabus is divided into four parts, which make it easier for students to understand the structure of the test. Part one includes Grammar and Writing, Part two include Listening and Speaking, Part three includes Reading and Spelling and Part four include Oral Test. Each part contains a specific set of written and oral questions.Students must demonstrate their understanding of the three elements of the syllabus. They can do this by choosing from one of the pre-tests that is usually listed next to the questions on the syllabus. Some of the questions on the syllabus can be answered with hints only.An essay is completed after writing an essay of at least 1500 words. This number can be changed according to the number of participants, but most test centers accept less than 4000 words for the essay. The test center uses an 'A' index, which tells the test taker whether the essay was successfully written.This exam is done on the same syllabus that tests many different types of students. It is important to be familiar with this type of essay because some parts are similar to those of the Advanced Placement (AP) tests that high school students take to get high scores on the SAT. Most of the AP test questions are in a similar format.The essay is more difficult than the AP test, because it must be well written in English. It is also more difficult because it asks for highly detailed explanations of the writer's point of view. Essay Band 9 samples make it easier for students to prepare for the writing aspect of the test. They may also be used as a practice essay, helping students become familiar with the structure of the writing portion of the test.

Writing News Peculiarities of Stephen Kings Writing Style

It is hard to find a person who doesn’t know who Stephen King is – even if one hasn’t read a single book written by him, he still knows that King is one of the most well-known – and probably the most well-known – horror and thriller author of all time, probably rivaled only by Howard Phillips Lovecraft, whom King often mentions as the writer who influenced him the most. But what makes King unique among scores of other authors writing in the same genre? Most commonly horror/thriller is considered to be a rather lowly literature genre, which is usually not treated very seriously, with few exceptions, one of which is Stephen King. So what is special about him? It wouldn’t be news for anybody who has more than a passing acquaintance with stylistics that it is style, language and imagery which are the most important factors in fiction – not even the most fascinating plot can live by itself. If a writer doesn’t have a decent style, his works will be unreadable, even if their plot is brilliant. Stephen King’s style is to a very much degree characterized by his usual choice of characters: he likes three-dimensional, human, flawed characters, people with traumatic past and subdued memories, with psychological problems. Another approach is showed in his first published novel, Carrie. It tells the story of a high school girl who is bullied and ostracized from the society of her peers because she is different from them in many ways – it is something most if not all people can sympathize with. And although there is strong supernatural undercurrent in the novel, its characters still stay human, understandable and realistic. King is in general very partial to children as protagonists. Probably it is so because of the way children view the world – as something only half-understood and full of unknown, unknowable, mysterious and terrifying entities. Just like the world of It, another King’s bestselling novel, in which a horrible extradimensional being terrorizes and kills children simply because they find it so easy to believe in it. Yet another theme that is often found in King’s books is the image of a small American town as a background for the most horrific and unbelievable events – it has since became a usual trope in many other works of fiction. All in all, it can be said that due to his approach to style Stephen King has managed to raise horror genre higher than anyone before him.

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 1510 Words

Huckleberry Finn, a Dark Tale The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is one of the more serious and immersive books I’ve personally had the pleasure of reading. Its â€Å"prequel† The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is so much lighter. Throughout The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn there is a tone of sadness. His life is so vastly different from his friend, Tom’s. Huck’s life is full of adventure and so is Tom’s, but Huck’s life is more dark and depressing. Huck experiences things at a young age no one should have to in their entire life. The stress and grief of his life is massive, a huge burden to bear. The similarities between Huck and Tom may be prevalent, but there is much more than similarities, there is a difference. â€Å"Pap got too†¦show more content†¦Tom’s life compared to Huck’s life is easy going and seems like he only has to worry about what he wants to do that day. This is when Huck goes to live with Widow Douglas, a Christian woman who has taken it upon herself to try and civilise the boy that is Huckleberry Finn, to make him into a proper young boy who will fit quite well into society. Huck Finn is not known for being a good rule abiding, and school going child. He skips school to go swimming or just to wander around town and no adult attempts to stop him. Huck tries everything he can do to keep from being â€Å"sivilized† by the Widow Douglas, who has taken him in since his abusive, alcoholic father did not take good care of his son. â€Å"She put me in them new clothes again, and I couldn t do nothing but sweat and sweat, and feel all cramped up. Well, then, the old thing commenced again. The widow rung a bell for supper, and you had to come in time. When you got to the table you couldn t go right to eating, but you had to wait for the widow to tuck down her head and grumble a little over the victuals (Chapter 1.Paragraph 3).† Huck simply hated having to dress up in presentable clothing, unlike Tom, who like any boy, didn’t love it but still accepted it as a social norm. Huck’s reluctance to go to class or to wear the clothes given to him assist him in being coming the runaway he is. Now another difference would be how easily Huck can lie. Tom can lie, but not nearly as much or

The Issue Of Abortion On The United States - 1606 Words

As Sam Brownback once quoted, â€Å"Unborn children do not have a voice, but they are young members of the human family. It is time to look at the unborn child, and recognize that it is really a young human, who can feel pain and should be treated with care.† In America alone, more than half of pregnancies among American woman are unintended, and about seven out of ten of these 500,000 unintended pregnancies are terminated by abortion each year in America. In today’s modern American culture, many consider an unborn fetus a non-life form; however, an unborn fetus possesses many, if not all, characteristics of life. The issue of abortion in the United States has been one that has courted controversy and created a public, ethical, and moral division in our American society and culture. Different opinions and views on this contraceptive subject has brought on multitudinous moral and ethical arguments. Morally, many people in our modern culture believe that if the mother of the unborn child has certain mental issues or health issues, it is suitable for that mother to terminate the life of her unborn child for the better health of the baby and for the mother herself. However; once an unborn fetus is aborted, the symptoms after an abortion have long-term and lasting impacts on the mother that can worsen the mother s health and mental stability. After an abortion, many mothers have experienced extreme sadness and anger, periods of long-term depression and regret, and some haveShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Abortion On The United States Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pagespaper is the issue of Abortion, My thesis in this paper is to analyze the history of abortion in the United States prior to the Roe vs. Wade decision and afterwards, and to demonstrate the ways in which our two major political parties’ views on this issue have shifted over time along with the public’s view on the issue. Abortion has been practiced for most of human history. The ancient Greeks and Romans practiced it, although not all ancient thinkers had the same views on abortion. Ancient GreekRead MoreAbortion: An Issue that Should Be Revised in the United States561 Words   |  3 PagesThe United States of America grants its people a right that is now being challenged by a portion of the country. Abortion is an issue that has divided the country in two. Pro-life supporters demand for the criminalization of abortions while pro-choice supporters advocate for womens continuation of their rights. I believe that the government should not play a role in the choice of women to get an abortion. Last summer, I spent two weeks in a Christian overnight stay camp. I met numerous uniqueRead More Restrictions On Abortion Essay1742 Words   |  7 PagesThe Restrictions on Abortions: Post-Roe Cases, Legislation, and Societies View Since 1973, when Roe verses Wade was decided, there have been several restrictions made to a woman?s right to obtain an abortion. These restrictions have come from several different angles and from a conservative ideological background. The restrictions that have been made to Roe v. Wade have come from other Supreme Court cases that were argued after 1973 and from State and Federal Legislation; which, ultimately, mustRead MoreA Brief Note On Euthanasia And Pro Life Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesPROBLEM DESCRIPTION Abortion is commonly practiced in many countries including the United States and has been practiced throughout most of the world ((Henshaw, S., et al. (2008). Abortion is one of those subjects that people for different reasons are passionately for or against (abortionist vs pro-life). The reasons are many and complicated. Abortion raises fundamental questions about our existence, such us what is human and when does life begin (Brannigan Boss, (2001). Abortion speaks to the rightsRead MoreAbortion : The Legal Precedent1170 Words   |  5 PagesThere have been many debates over abortion. One of the more famous acts in history about abortion is Roe vs. Wade on January 22, 1973. In this case the U.S. Supreme Court recognized that the constitutional right to privacy extends to a woman’s right to make her own personal medical decisions. This includes the decision to have an abortion without interference from politics and regulations, or religion. Therefore, a state may not ban abor tion prior to viability. About 42 years have passed and numerousRead MoreAbortion : The Issue Of Abortion1411 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Abortion is one of the most common medical procedures performed in the United States each year† (Abortion Overview and History). It is the termination of a human pregnancy, which is often performed during the first twenty-eight weeks of pregnancy. The topic of abortion seems to be a major issue in todays time. There are many people who are for it and many people who are against it. Religion has a lot to do with the side that people take on this issue. Many people see abortion as committing murderRead MoreThe Controversial Issue Of Abortion1555 Words   |  7 Pagestopic of abortion in the United States has been and remains one of the most controversial issues in western culture and politics. An abortion can be defined as the expulsion of a fetus from the uterus before it can survive on its own. This comprises two major forms of abortion: spontaneous, which is ofte n referred to as a miscarriage or induced abortion, which is the deliberate termination of a pregnancy. The term is commonly used to refer to the induced abortion, and this is the abortion, which hasRead MoreEssay on Should Abortion Be Determined by the State or the Mother?1414 Words   |  6 PagesHomework #2: History and overview of the Policy Issue Should Abortion be determined by the State or Mother? Abortion has been one of the most controversial topics in America. Abortion is defined as the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed in the first 20 weeks of the pregnancy. Abortion is when the pregnancy is ended to prevent child birth. The pregnancy is taken out of the uterus of the women by medical abortion which involves taking medicines to causeRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages Abortions have been performed on women for thousands of years. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Most often it is performed during the first 20 weeks of being pregnant. The controversy over whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans till this day. An important landmark case was the Roe v. Wade case, where the Court argued that the zone of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman s decision whether or not to terminateRead MoreAbortion Should Go Back to Being Illegal in the United States1239 Words   |  5 Pagesthan 30 years, the United States has been separated over the issue of abortion. Abortion is the deliberate killing of the most innocent nature among us, babies whom are not yet born. In 1973, abortion was legalized in the United States via the famous court case of Roe vs Wade. Roe was a single and pregnant woman who was fighting the state of Texas where the law stated she was not allowed to get an abo rtion. Roe won the case and abortion was legalized. Even though millions of abortions have been performed

Reliability and validity

Question: What is the difference between reliability and validity? Which is more important? Why? What are the different ways of assessing reliability? What are the different ways of assessing validity? What are the different ways of obtaining validity evidence? Answer: Introduction Reliability and validity are the scales of measurement that is used in research methodology. However, both the terms sound as like they are similar in nature, but there are technical differences between them. Reliability Reliability is the scale or instrument of measurement that is consistent with its result. It means if any test is taken using any instrument for a particular subject and the result of the test will be similar in every attempt then it will be considered as reliable. Reliability is more concerned with the consistency and the stability of the test result (Bryman Bell, 2015). Validity Validity is the instruments or scale by which one can measure the outcomes of a certain research hypothesis about how strong the outcomes are. With the help of validity, one can answer the question such as are we right about the research methodology or the outcomes. Validity is more concerned whether the measure has been done with the right concept or not. Reliability and validity both are related with each other in the process of measurement. Reliability is the stability of the test score and validity stands for the accuracy of the test score. Technically both of them are important for a research methodology. It is also notable that research methodology can have reliability without validity but to obtain the validity of the result or the outcome it is very important to have reliability. It means without the reliability there is no existence of validity so it can be said that reliability is more important than validity (Cooper, et al, 2006). Different ways of assessing reliability The measure indicates about the extent of the biases and ensures measurements that are consistent across time and items of the instrument. There are different types of methods for assessing reliability is discussed below. Test-retest reliability In this process, the coefficient of the outcome can be obtained by repeating same measures for a particular research. Test-retest method is done when there is a questioner that contains few items, which are supposed to use for a measurement of a certain concept that has administered to a set of respondents. If the same respondents are used after few weeks or more than six months, then the correlation obtained are from two different times. This outcome from the same respondent in two different times called test-retest coefficient. The higher the coefficient, the better the test-retest reliability and the result of the test will be more consistent and reliable (Abdulkadir Uzunz, 2011). Parallel form reliability When there are two comparable sets that will be tapping for measures the similar construct and they are highly correlated then the assessing of reliability will be called parallel form reliability. In this, case both the research methodology will contain similar things and the response formats for both the studies remain same. Here the change, which is done to maintain the difference in two methods, is the sequence of the question in the questioner. In this type of research method if the two results are highly correlated then it can be said that the results are fairly certain and reasonably reliable. Internal consistency of measures With this methodology of measures, one can indicate the homogeneity of the things that can tap the construct. In this case, the research methods should be together as a set. In spite of remaining in a set, the items should has the option of independently measuring the concepts that are similar so that when respondents provide the same meaning for each item. The help of examination and their outcomes can see this type of measures whether the subsets of different items are highly correlated. Internal consistency of the research methodology can be examined by the interitem consistency reliability and the split half reliability test (Avcu, 2015). Interitem consistency reliability In this method of measuring, there is the consistency of the reliability test by the respondents who will provide an answer to every item of the measure. In this way of measuring the reliability of the items, there should be measures that are independent should have the same concept that will remain correlated with one another. There are also two types of interitem consistency reliability test, which are Cronbachs coefficient alpha and Kuder-Richardson formulas. The first one is used for the multipoint scaled items and the second is used for dichotomous items. Here is also the higher coefficient is, the better measuring instrument (Aygun Ergun, 2015). Split-half reliability By the help of this reliability measure, one can correlate the two halves of an instrument. The two halves of the measurements will justify the estimate of the methods. If the Cronbachs coefficient alpha is lesser than the split half reliability in those circumstances, which are being, underlined more than one response dimension then the measure of certain other conditions will be met as well. Looking after these measures it can be said that in all the cases interitem consistency reliability gets the perfect and adequate indexing from Cronbachs coefficient alpha factor (DeLuca, 2011). Different ways of assessing validity Different types of validity assessing methods are Content validity, Criterion validity and construct validity. Content Validity In the assessment of validity where measures are adequate and include representative item set is in content. When the scale of measuring item represents the higher domain of universe of concept the greater the validity of the content is. The content validity will be well delineated by the different function of dimension and elements of the measurement process. One of the minimum indexes of content validity is the face validity. This is the indication of those items that are intended for a concept to measure (Endo et al., 2014). Criterion-related validity This is the validity that is established during the measurement differentiates of an individual on a expected or a predictable criterion. This type of validity demonstrates the correlation of the statistical relationship between job performance and the test performance. The Criterion-related validity is of two type Concurrent validity If there are validity test at the same time when the test is given then it is known as the concurrent validity Predictive validity If there is a validity test that is done before and then the criterion are given to the method then this is known as the predictive validity (Fikkers, Piotrowski Valkenburg, 2015). Construct Validity This type of validity measure involves the requirement of demonstration about the measure of the test that measures the characteristic of the claimed measure. This type of characteristic is important for the successful completion of the job. There are also two different type of construct validity. Convergent validity This type of convergent validity is generally established because there are two different measuring instruments are used which are similar and correlated with each other. Discriminant validity In this case they are based on the same theory, but the variables are different from each other. In this case, the variables remain uncontrolled because the variables are predicted for the measurement instrument (Haner Rude, 2015). Validity evidence There are three ways by which one can obtain validity evidence Evidence based on content measure is done by studying the construct, test content is examined then it is to decide about the representation of the adequate test content. Experts do this. Evidence based on internal structure determination of dimension, which will be, used known as factor analysis. Item will be examined for homogeneity and coefficient alpha will be calculated. Evidence based on the relation with other variables Test scores are related to certain criteria. Correlation is done between the test score of the same construct and another construct to obtain convergent evidence (Leung, 2015). Reference List Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015). Business research methods. Oxford university press. Cooper, D. R., Schindler, P. S., Sun, J. (2006). Business research methods(Vol. 9). New York: McGraw-hill. Abdulkadir Uzunz,. (2011). Reliability and validity towards environment attitude scale for secondary school students. Educ. Res. Rev., 6(16). doi:10.5897/err11.236 Avcu, R. (2015). Turkish Adaptation of Utley Geometry Attitude Scale: A Validity and Reliability Study. Eurasian Journal Of Educational Research, 15(58). doi:10.14689/ejer.2015.58.1 Aygun, O., Ergun, A. (2015). Validity and Reliability of Sun Protection Behavior Scale among Turkish Adolescent Population. Asian Nursing Research. doi:10.1016/j.anr.2015.04.006 DeLuca, C. (2011). Interpretive validity theory: mapping a methodology for validating educational assessments. Educational Research, 53(3), 303-320. doi:10.1080/00131881.2011.598659 Endo, A., Suzuki, M., Akagi, A., Chiba, N., Ishizaka, I., Matsunaga, A., Fukuda, M. (2014). Reliability and Validity of the Upper-body Dressing Scale in Japanese Patients with Vascular Dementia with Hemiparesis. Occup. Ther. Int., 22(1), 10-18. doi:10.1002/oti.1378 Fikkers, K., Piotrowski, J., Valkenburg, P. (2015). Assessing the Reliability and Validity of Television and Game Violence Exposure Measures. Communication Research. doi:10.1177/0093650215573863 Haner, M., Rude, S. (2015). Establishing the Reliability and Validity of a Performance Measure of Big Picture Appraisal. Cognitive Therapy And Research. doi:10.1007/s10608-015-9688-2 Leung, L. (2015). Validity, reliability, and generalizability in qualitative research. J Family Med Prim Care, 4(3), 324. doi:10.4103/2249-4863.161306

Violation of the Authority of the Father Figure in John Miltons Paradise Lost and Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe

Introduction John Milton’s epic poem, â€Å"Paradise Lost†, primarily explores the repercussions of disobedience visited upon man after his fall occasioned by eating the forbidden fruit. Therefore, the poem inadvertently cautions against disobeying the instituted authority and moral structures.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Violation of the Authority of the Father Figure in John Milton’s Paradise Lost and Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, through the actions of one of the main protagonists of the poem, Satan, the act of challenging authority is explored. Satan challenges the authority of God in heaven, and consequently, he is cast away into the depths of hell. Similarly, in Daniel Defoe’s â€Å"Robinson Crusoe†, the title character, Robinson Crusoe, decides to follow his long held ambition of exploring the seas. Subsequently, he go es against his family’s, especially his father’s, wish that he settles down, establish himself in a respectable career, and create a socially expected and accepted trajectory of life amongst his societal contemporaries. The common thread in the two characters; Satan in â€Å"Paradise Lost† and Robinson Crusoe in â€Å"Robinson Crusoe†, is that, they both wilfully defy the set authority that has guided and ruled over their lives. Instead, they decide to chart their own course in life independent of the influence of their separate father figure authorities. Satan, primarily due to his immense hubris that sets him against God, decides to challenge the authority of God by leading a rebellion that intends to usurp the authority of God in heaven. The rebellion fails, and he is banished into hell. Nevertheless, Satan is determined to live a life that is independent of the influence of the fatherly authority of God; therefore, he decides to acclimatize to his wre tched existence in the depths of hell. He states that, he would be okay as long as he maintains his liberty in hell, and to this effect he reveals that he would rather reign in hell than serve in heaven (Milton Book 3, verse 77). Similarly, Robinson Crusoe goes against his father’s wishes, and thus authority, by deciding to forgo the comforting and relatively stable life of career men in the town of Hull. Instead, he casts his lot with the precarious nature of exploration and adventurism, much to the dismay of his father (Defoe 2). Therefore, in both texts, the characters of Satan, Adam, Eve, and Robinson Crusoe bravely defy the authority of the father figures in their lives. Furthermore, they heroically choose to follow their own paths in life, which even while turning out to be dangerous, unpredictable, and almost suicidal for them, are worth the struggle because of the sense of freedom, liberation, and self-dependence that they subsequently acquire.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Setting in Robinson Crusoe and Paradise Lost: The Town of Hull and Heaven as Harbingers of Disobedience, Defiance, and Revolt The setting at the beginning of Paradise Lost and Robinson Crusoe provide a fertile ground for fostering dissent, especially for inquisitive and curious souls such as those of the respective characters in both texts. In Paradise Lost, the setting of Heaven and the requirements by God that he be worshipped and adored by is creations creates a monotonous existence for his subjects/creations (Milton Book 1, Verse 18). Satan, his pride notwithstanding, decides to lead a rebellion against God because he states that angels are not God’s creations, therefore, are not bound to worship and adore God like the rest of God’s creations. Thus, the streak of rebellion in Satan is borne out of the monotonous existence to be found in Heav en. Similarly, Adam comes across as curious; exploring the Garden of Eden and seeking answers from the angels on the nature of man’s existence (Book 1 Verse 17). Even though, he is more curious than Eve, he still worships God as required. However, when Eve is tempted, and partakes of the forbidden fruit, Adam knowingly partakes too, even though he is aware that he is committing a sin. Just like Satan, Adam and Eve are living a mundane and repetitive lifestyle in Heaven. They are curious, and once Satan tempts Eve to eat the forbidden fruit, Eve’s, and subsequently Adam’s, interests are piqued. As God’s creations, Satan, Adam, and Eve are endowed with a sense of curiosity that is limited by living in Heaven and the Garden of Eden. Satan seeks authority and liberty from God, whom he views as an illegitimate Lord over Heaven. Likewise, Adam and Eve are eager to satisfy their quench for knowledge concerning life beyond the limited answers given by the Angels in heaven. Therefore, the sphere of Heaven, the setting for much of Paradise Lost, although meant to be a safe place for God’s creations, ironically becomes the exact source of curiosity, defiance and revolt by Satan, and Adam and Eve. These three characters, in a sense, are brave and act heroically because they refuse to settle and accept everything that they are told; instead, they are courageous enough to defy their precise creator. Satan decides to challenge the authority of God, the father of all creatures of heaven, while Adam and Eve, by partaking of the forbidden fruit, begin a post-lapsarian heroic journey towards discovering life, morality and death, beyond the theoretical knowledge they had received while in Heaven.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Violation of the Authority of the Father Figure in John Milton’s Paradise Lost and Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page L earn More Robinson Crusoe also refuses to settle into the comfortable and predictable lifestyle destined for him by virtue of being his father’s son; a life that is expected of him by the fact that many of the citizens in the town of Hull lived their lives in such a manner. When Robinson Crusoe’s father realizes that his son is keen on exploration of the seas and new land in with an aim of making a chance fortune in such a manner, he quickly counsels him against doing so (Defoe 2). Crusoe’s father wonders why his son would forgo the relative comfort and surety of life in Hull, and take his chances on making a fortune in wild and unpredictable sea adventures. However, what is lost on the father is that the exact comfort and predictability of life in Hull as the father desired for the son, was the sheer reason that the son desired explore the world – Robinson Crusoe wanted more out of life than the monotonous, mundane life that his father envisioned for h im. According to Althusser, when Robinson Crusoe attempts to make his son change his mind about the plan to become an explorer and adventurer, he invokes the authority of God in impressing upon his own authority as the father (105). Crusoe’s father almost pronounces a curse on the son, stating that, were Crusoe to ignore his pleadings, God would, in support of the father’s authority, inflict harm, pain, and suffering upon Crusoe’s life. The mere fact that Robinson Crusoe still chooses to pursue his own desired path of exploration, therefore, points to his extreme dissatisfaction and abhorrence to the life that his father desired for him, which life was to be experienced in Hull, the setting of this given part of the novel. Therefore, in both texts, the setting as portrayed by the authors are avenues for creating and fostering a sense of curiosity, and subsequently defiance and rebellion that make the involved characters desire more out of their lives than the pa ths envisioned by the respective authorities in their lives – their fathers. The Heroic Nature of Satan’s, Adam and Eve’s (Humanity) and Robinson Crusoe’s Transgression against the Authority of the Father Figure As discussed in the forgoing paragraphs, Satan, Adam and Eve, out of pride and curiosity respectively, challenge the restrictions set on them by God’s authority. In Satan’s case, he knows the all-powerful, all-knowing and ever-present nature of God, yet he still has the temerity to challenge God’s authority. The rebellion he leads fails, and he is banished into hell. Yet, with the aid of his colleagues, Mammon and Beelzebub, he plots a way of reaching heaven again by accessing the Garden of Eden and corrupting the minds of Eve and Adam (Milton Book 4 Verse 12).Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Satan volunteers to take the treacherous journey into heaven though the abyss, braving many dangers along the way before arriving at the Garden of Eden and convincing Eve first to partake of the fruit from the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil, leading to Adam’s subsequent similar moral capitulation (Milton Book 4 Verse 25). Satan’s journey through the Abyss is similar to the journeys undertaken by other heroes in classic Greek works such as Odysseus. Both Satan and Odysseus overcome many challenges and fight battles on their respective journeys, and like Aeneas in Aeneid rallies his troops behind him despite the great odds against them (Calloway 83). Therefore, not only does Satan refuse to accept the defeat that led to his banishment from heaven, he also takes the risk of returning to heaven, this time with a more subtle plan of challenging God’s authority by winning over the minds of his creations through his infectious rhetoric and charisma. Satanâ€⠄¢s conviction in his attempts to challenge the authority of God stems from the fact that he strongly believes that God ruled heaven as a tyrant. He believes that his challenge of the authority of God, despite the heavy odds against him and his fellow rebellious angels, was a challenge against the whimsical, tyrannous and unfair leadership of God (Hiller 3). This tyrannous and vengeful nature of God can be seen in the manner that he treats Adam and Eve after they eat of the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. After Adam and Eve realise that they have sinned, and are thus consumed by immense guilt and shame, they decide to seek the pardon of God, who does not pardon them but rather lets them experience the full repercussions of their transgressions (Milton Book 9 verses 4-6). Adam and Eve are thus banished from the Garden of Eden, and in a sense Satan’s view of God is justified, and since Satan’s plan is realised, he managers to win a small battle over Go d in that instance. On their part, Adam and Eve’s heroism stems from the fact that they not only ate the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil (knowing full well the penalty was death), but also the fact that they willingly took responsibility for their actions. It is worth noting that, in a sense, Adam and Eve were living in the shadow and fear of the authority of God. The fact that they were supposed to die, if they were to eat of the fruit, illustrates the fact that, despite God stating that they had the free will to do whatever they pleased, the extreme repercussions for this one transgression indicates a tendency to stifle and diminish this free will even before it is practiced. Therefore, the bravery of Eve in partaking of the fruit (with a little Coaxing from Satan) with the knowledge that it would lead to her death indicates an intense desire to acquire the knowledge of God stored or hidden in the Tree of Knowledge. Subsequently, Adam also eats this same f ruit after realizing that Eve had already done so, and knowing full well that he would be going against God’s will and would be banished from the garden of Eden together with Eve. Thus, Adam and Eve satisfy their curiosity for knowledge, in the same vein challenging the authority of God the father, and subsequently take responsibility for their actions, neither laying the blame on Satan or God. Robinson Crusoe overcomes many personal and societal restrictions in his pursuit of a life of exploration in the seas. Besides the authority of his father, which he transgresses, he leaves behind a family of three children – a matter society was not likely to view kindly. Thereafter, his father invokes the authority of God in a last ditch effort to try and convince him to stop his plans of exploring the high seas, telling him that God would bring harm on his path (Defoe 2). Interestingly, on his exact first voyage, the predictions of the father are seemingly realised when his sh ip is wrecked in a storm, and he personally believes that his father’s warnings were haunting him in his journey. Yet, Robinson Crusoe recovers, both physically and psychologically, his love for exploration overcoming his fear of the unknown and the ominous warnings from his father. Indeed, Crusoe encounters many hardships in his sea excursions, where he is captured and enslaved, before experiencing another shipwreck after escaping from slavery and becoming a plantation owner in Brazil, whereupon he finds himself in an island that he inhabits alone for twenty-eight years. Crusoe’s heroism shines in all these circumstances because despite the father’s warning hanging over him like a dark cloud in all the unfortunate circumstances that encumber his adventures, he never once looses hope or despairs but remains true to his dream of self-dependence, liberty and fortune making. Humanism and Civilization in Robinson Crusoe and Paradise Lost In both Paradise Lost and Ro binson Crusoe, the authors are concerned with the contemporary socio-political and economic issues in their societies. John Milton was ultimately concerned with the religious nature of man, his relation to his God within the context of free will and predetermination (Alderman 184). According to Mondadori, when Milton allows man to fall and then take responsibility for his fall, he presents a liberated man and the consequences of man’s fall epitomise the nature of free will as determined by God (55). Therefore, Paradise Lost becomes an epic (as opposed to a tragedy) by virtue of the fact that it portrays the triumph of man through free will. Humans are thus free to exercise their God given free will in this life, and are portrayed as capable of making judgements that will enrich and enhance their lives. On the other hand, Daniel Defoe through his novel Robinson Crusoe addresses and challenges the contemporary views on providence and free will. Similar to John Milton, Daniel De foe believes in human beings charting their own successful courses in life through their own desires and plans, just like the character Robinson Crusoe does. In a sense, the story of Robinson Crusoe pays homage to, and highlights the qualities admirable in a middle-class English man- adventurous, self-reliant, courageous and disciplined. Shinagel states that the character of Robinson Crusoe vouches for the entrepreneurial spirit of the English man, which characterized the civilisation and expansion of the British Empire, as well as the colonizing tendencies of England, which are practiced by Crusoe on his Island (Island of Despair) and characterized the imperialistic match of the British Empire (24). Conclusion The form of both texts aids in the delivery of the various thematic contents of the texts. For instance, Milton utilizes nearly all types of genres available in his epic poem, which according to Fish may be interpreted as various scenes of a play, with the mind of the reader being the stage of the play (161). Additionally, by using poetry in blank verse as the vehicle of transporting his message of the fall and redemption of man, Milton’s characters easily deliver direct speeches to state their points; a factor that would have been unwieldy had Milton not chosen this form of poetry. Both Paradise Lost and Robinson Crusoe explore the theme of defiance or the transgression of fatherly authority. In Paradise Lost, Satan, together with Adam and Eve violate the law and authority of God, while Robinson Crusoe transgresses the authority of his biological father. The heroism in the transgressions by these various characters lies in the fact that similar to the ideals espoused in the contemporary societies of the texts’ setting, they choose independence over dependence; freedom over bondage; discovery over complacency; and change over the status quo. Therefore, by choosing to violate the laws that governed them by the authority of the father figure s in their lives, these four characters chose the less travelled path, and in so doing opened a brave new world for themselves and, by extension, the reader(s); a less tyrannical world, more humanistic, and ultimately more civilised. Works Cited Alderman, Nigel. â€Å"Rememb’ring Mercy: Monuments, Memory, and Remembering in Paradise Lost.† Milton Quarterly 42.3 (2008): 183-196. Althusser, Louis. â€Å"Robinson Crusoe and the drama of Interpellation.† In Transitions by Warrenn Montag. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Print. Calloway, Katherine. â€Å"Beyond Parody: Satan as Aeneas in â€Å"Paradise Lost.† Milton Quarterly 6.4(2005): 82-92. Defoe, Daniel. Robinson Crusoe (Aladdin paperbacks edition). New York: Aladdin Paperbacks, 2001. Print. Fish, Stanley. â€Å"The Harassed Reader in Paradise Lost.† Critical Quarterly 7.2 (1965): 161-182. Hiller, Russell. â€Å"The Good Communicated: Milton’s Drama of the fall and the Law of Charity.â⠂¬  Modern Language Review 103.1 (2008): 1-21. Milton, John. Paradise Lost, n.d. Web. Mondadori, Anorldo. Giants of Literature: Milton. Berkshire: Sampson Low, 1977. Shinagel, Michael. Daniel Defoe and Middle class Gentility. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1968. Print. This essay on Violation of the Authority of the Father Figure in John Milton’s Paradise Lost and Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe was written and submitted by user B0bby to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Power Of Single-Mindedness Professor Ramos Blog

The Power Of Single-Mindedness TedTalks Janet Stovall In this TedTalks titled â€Å"How to get serious about diversity and inclusion in the workplace† the speaker, Janet Stovall, informs us of the true power of single-mindedness and just how it will help in regards to the integration of diversity and inclusion into the workplace. For those who aren’t completely sure what single-minded means, the Merriam-Webster online page defines it as â€Å"having one driving purpose or resolve† with synonyms like; decisive, determined, intent, purposeful and resolve. She starts off her speech with giving us a little background about herself while tying it into her main argument. It was in 1984 when she was a junior at Davidson College in Davidson, North Carolina that she felt a calling to make that college a more diverse. Given that in that town, it was almost segregated by railroad tracks that marked the â€Å"white Davidson† and â€Å"black Davidson†, as she puts it, it was normal for her to be stopped by cops whe n headed to the college. When she discovered that out of 1,200 students, only 52 of us were black as well as there was only one black professor and one black assistant dean, it was then she made a decision to start what she called â€Å"Project ‘87†. She states that â€Å"Project 87 was really just a challenge to Davidson: in three years, by 1987, enroll 100 black students, hire 10 black professors, create five Black Studies classes and hire one black dean.† So by teaming up with the new president of Davidson at the time, they created a 77 page report for the changes they wished to see by 1987. Now even though she ended up graduating in 1985, it was her single-mindedness that changed Davidson forever. Looking to the present day at Davidson, she says that â€Å"there are 185 black students, there are 16 black or multiracial professors, there are four black deans, and theres an entire degree-granting Africana Studies Department.† It was this accomplishment t hat changed her life. She became an executive speechwriter for one of the biggest companies in the world. Not only is it a profession that is 92 percent white but also predominantly male. When talking to the CEO’s and senior executives, she has seen that business is in a position that no other entity can do. What she has seen, just like at Davidson, is that racism can be dismantled by it. By incorporating the â€Å"Project ’87† ideals of real problems, real numbers, real consequences it is only a matter of time until her vision of diversity and inclusion manifest into reality. In Janets own words That this is what happens if we stop praying for change to happen and actually start moving our feet to making it. Now, can you guess the demographics at Crafton Hills College? Take a guess and click on the link below! Demographics at CHC

Political Socialization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Political Socialization - Essay Example As such, this brief analysis will attempt to weigh and analyze the type of different political socialization experiences that have shaped the way in which this author engages or chooses not to engage in the political arena of our nation. The first of these factors can be traced to the fact that although I consider myself to be a believer, I do not allow my individual belief system to dictate in what way my political faith evolves. Although developmental factors have had a profound effect on the way that I engage with the world, view reality, and perceive key issues, I was fortunate in that my upbringing, to include each of the factors that have been previously listed, did not directly influence the way in which I allow my belief to influence my political views (Diemer 246). Obviously, it is impossible to say categorically that my belief system does not influence my political beliefs due to the fact that this belief system is integrally tied to the individual that I am and the way in which I approach key issues; however, I can say that as compared to many of the individuals I know who are deeply involved in politics, the level to which my belief has socialized me with respect to politics is limited. Likewise, perhaps the most important determinant to the way that I have been politicized is the experiences and formative occurrences which were a result of my childhood and the way in which my parents raised me. Although it is difficult to point to a specific example of how it took place, it is not difficult to say that due to the values and morality that my parents sought to pass on to their children, it deeply affected the way I have come to identify with politics and specifically key political issues. In this way, I would say that this socialization determinant is perhaps the most important of all (Pels et al 312). Due to the act that I have always retained a close relationship with my family, the value system which they passed on to me has remained largely intac t with respect to the way I have developed my own political thought process. In much the same vein, I consider the education that I have received to be one of the main factors that have served to socialize my interpretation of politics. Due to the fact that education helps individuals to open their world view and consider aspects of topics that they would otherwise not consider, my educational experience has served to open up topics that the other forms of political socialization I have experienced up until this point have not. It is worth noting that although one cannot consider one aspect of their upbringing and experience as necessarily more powerful than another, I would consider education to be the one factor that is perhaps even more powerful than the world-views and values that were given me by my parents. This is at least partly due to the fact that as a young person I was inspired to question my surroundings and not take things for granted. In this way, due to the fact that I grew up in a household that prided itself in freedom of thought and of expression, I was encouraged from an early age to explore and formulate my own ideas. Although all of these factors have helped to develop the way I engage in the political process, there is of course a final fact that has not been considered (Skhavat 197). This factor revolves around the previous experiences I have had and noted with regards to the political process. Oftentimes I have been told by peers and professors alike that my political views are â€Å"too jaded† for someone of my age. However, due to the fact of the experience that I have witnessed with regards to a litany of

GEOL - Meteorology and Space Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

GEOL - Meteorology and Space Science - Essay Example Scientists almost proved that more greenhouse gases appeared in the atmosphere after the industrial revolution and with the development of the technology. Heating effect is dangerous for human life, moreover global warming causes many other problems such as rising sea level, undesirable change of climate etc. The given paper will discuss the potential causes and consequences of global warming and try to find possible solutions. Actually, some scientists do not believe in global warming. Some people consider it to be a myth. In order to define if it is really a myth or a real phenomenon, it is important to implement scientific research. Moreover, according to some researchers, the global warming is a phenomenon that was not caused by industrial revolution as it was met before: â€Å"Global warming is not a 20th century phenomenon. It has, in fact, occurred in the past more than once, along with periods of extreme cold known as the ice ages. With so much written and reported about global warming, sometimes its difficult to detect which is fact and which is just part of scientific scare tactics† (Fiset). There are indicators, which are used by scientists to control the climate shift, the main of them are temperature and sea levels. Researches made certain conclusions about the changes in temperature during the last 1,000 years. The 20th century is characterized by frustration of temperature. Between the1960-1970s the earth underwent the period of cooling, but still in general the average temperature increased. The temperature is increasing by 0.1-0.2 oC every ten years. â€Å"Keeping planetary warming below two degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) would, it was thought, avoid such perils as catastrophic sea-level rise and searing droughts. Staying below two degrees C would require limiting the level of heat-trapping carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to 450 parts per million (ppm), up from todays 395 ppm and the

Innovation and creativity evaluation of Apple Corporation Essay Example for Free

Innovation and creativity evaluation of Apple Corporation Essay Economic growth and development of any country depends upon a well-knit financial system. Financial system comprises, a set of sub-systems of financial institutions financial markets, financial instruments and services which help in the formation of capital. Thus a financial system provides a mechanism by which savings are transformed into investments and it can be said that financial system play an significant role in economic growth of the country by mobilizing surplus funds and utilizing them effectively for productive purpose. The financial system is characterized by the presence of integrated, organized and regulated financial markets, and institutions that meet the short term and long term financial needs of both the household and corporate sector. Both financial markets and financial institutions play an important role in the financial system by rendering various financial services to the community. They operate in close combination with each other. Financial System The word system, in the term financial system, implies a set of complex and closely connected or interlined institutions, agents, practices, markets, transactions, claims, and liabilities in the economy. The financial system is concerned about money, credit and finance-the three terms are intimately related yet are somewhat different from each other. Indian financial system consists of financial market, financial instruments and financial intermediation Role/ Functions of Financial System: A financial system performs the following functions: * It serves as a link between savers and investors. It helps in utilizing the mobilized savings of scattered savers in more efficient and effective manner. It channelises flow of saving into productive investment. * It assists in the selection of the projects to be financed and also reviews the performance of such projects periodically. * It provides payment mechanism for exchange of goods and services. * It provides a mechanism for the transfer of resources across geographic boundaries. It provides a   mechanism for managing and controlling the risk involved in mobilizing savings and allocating credit. * It promotes the process of capital formation by bringing together the supply of saving and the demand for investible funds. * It helps in lowering the cost of transaction and increase returns. Reduce cost motives people to save more. * It provides you detailed information to the operators/ players in the market such as individuals, business houses, Governments etc. Components/ Constituents of Indian Financial system: The following are the four main components of Indian Financial system 1. Financial institutions 2. Financial Markets 3. Financial Instruments/Assets/Securities 4. Financial Services. Financial institutions: Financial institutions are the intermediaries who facilitates smooth functioning of the financial system by making investors and borrowers meet. They mobilize savings of the surplus units and allocate them in productive activities promising a better rate of return. Financial institutions also provide services to entities seeking advises on various issues ranging from restructuring to diversification plans. They provide whole range of services to the entities who want to raise funds from the markets elsewhere. Financial institutions act as financial intermediaries because they act as middlemen between savers and borrowers. Were these financial institutions may be of Banking or Non-Banking institutions. Financial Markets: Finance is a prerequisite for modern business and financial institutions play a vital role in economic system. Its through financial markets the financial system of an economy works. The main functions of financial markets are. To facilitate creation and allocation of credit and liquidity; 2. to serve as intermediaries for mobilization of savings; 3. to assist process of balanced economic growth; 4. to provide financial convenience Financial Instruments Another important constituent of financial system is financial instruments. They represent a claim against the future income and wealth of others. It will be a claim against a person or an institutions, for the payment of the some of the money at a specified future date. Financial Services: Efficiency of emerging financial system largely depends upon the quality and variety of financial services provided by financial intermediaries. The term financial services can be defined as activites, benefits and satisfaction connected with sale of money, that offers to users and customers, financial related value. Pre-reforms Phase Until the early 1990s, the role of the financial system in India was primarily restricted to the function of channeling resources from the surplus to deficit sectors. Whereas the financial system performed this role reasonably well, its operations came to be marked by some serious deficiencies over the years. The banking sector suffered from lack of competition, low capital base, low Productivity and high intermediation cost. After the nationalization of large banks in 1969 and 1980, the Government-owned banks dominated the banking sector. The role of technology was minimal and the quality of service was not given adequate importance. Banks also did not follow proper risk management systems and the prudential standards were weak. All these resulted in poor asset quality and low profitability. Among non-banking financial intermediaries, development finance institutions (DFIs) operated in an over-protected environment with most of the funding coming from assured sources at concessional terms. In the insurance sector, there was little competition. The mutual fund industry also suffered from lack of competition and was dominated for long by one institution, viz. , the Unit Trust of India. Non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) grew rapidly, but there was no regulation of their asset side. Financial markets were characterized by control over pricing of financial assets, barriers to entry, high transaction costs and restrictions on movement of funds/participants between the market segments. This apart from inhibiting the development of the markets also affected their efficiency. Financial Sector Reforms in India It was in this backdrop that wide-ranging financial sector reforms in India were introduced as an integral part of the economic reforms initiated in the early 1990s with a view to improving the macroeconomic performance of the economy. The reforms in the financial sector focused on creating efficient and stable financial institutions and markets. The approach to financial sector reforms in India was one of gradual and non-disruptive progress through a consultative process. The Reserve Bank has been consistently working towards setting an enabling regulatory framework with prompt and effective supervision, development of technological and institutional infrastructure, as well as changing the interface with the market participants through a consultative process. Persistent efforts have been made towards adoption of international benchmarks as appropriate to Indian conditions. While certain changes in the legal infrastructure are yet to be effected, the developments so far have brought the Indian financial system closer to global standards. The reform of the interest regime constitutes an integral part of the financial sector reform. With the onset of financial sector reforms, the interest rate regime has been largely deregulated with a view towards better price discovery and efficient resource allocation. Initially, steps were taken to develop the domestic money market and freeing of the money market rates. The interest rates offered on Government securities were progressively raised so that the Government borrowing could be carried out at market-related rates. In respect of banks, a major effort was undertaken to simplify the administered structure of interest rates. Banks now have sufficient flexibility to decide their deposit and lending rate structures and manage their assets and liabilities accordingly. At present, apart from savings account and NRE deposit on the deposit side and export credit and small loans on the lending side, all other interest rates are deregulated. Indian banking system operated for a long time with high reserve requirements both in the form of Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) and Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR). This was a consequence of the high fiscal deficit and a high degree of monetisation of fiscal deficit. The efforts in the recent period have been to lower both the CRR and SLR. The statutory minimum of 25 per cent for SLR has already been reached, and while the Reserve Bank continues to pursue its medium-term objective of reducing the CRR to the statutory minimum level of 3. 0 per cent, the CRR of SCBs is currently placed at 5. 0 per cent of NDTL. As part of the reforms programme, due attention has been given to diversification of ownership leading to greater market accountability and improved efficiency. Initially, there was infusion of capital by the Government in public sector banks, which was followed by expanding the capital base with equity participation by the private investors. This was followed by a reduction in the Government shareholding in public sector banks to 51 per cent. Consequently, the share of the public sector banks in the aggregate assets of the banking sector has come down from 90 per cent in 1991 to around 75 per cent in2004. With a view to enhancing efficiency and productivity through competition, guidelines were laid down for establishment of new banks in the private sector and the foreign banks have been allowed more liberal entry. Since 1993, twelve new private sector banks have been set up. As a major step towards enhancing competition in the banking sector, foreign direct investment in the private sector banks is now allowed up to 74 per cent, subject to conformity with the guidelines issued from time to time. Conclusion: The Indian financial system has undergone structural transformation over the past decade. The financial sector has acquired strength, efficiency and stability by the combined effect of competition, regulatory measures, and policy environment. While competition, consolidation and convergence have been recognized as the key drivers of the banking sector in the coming years

Solar Power for Homes Essay -- Solar PV Panels Photovoltaic Cells

Harnessing the Sun’s Energy: Solar Power for Homes The use of solar power is all around us. Calculators, roadside emergency telephones, and street-side speed radars all utilize the sun’s limitless rays to provide power for their simple functions. As simple as these functions may be, solar power is nonetheless capable of powering much greater things. The technology and motivation for this exists; all the planet needs is time and funding before it becomes a planet powered solely by the luminous rays of the great sun. But before this universal shift towards solar power happens, citizens have the choice and ability to install their own personal solar power system for their private homes. After weighing the advantages against the disadvantages, the correct choice should be clear. The sun has been a candidate for a universal power source for centuries. Since as early as 1839, scientists have been researching the concept of photovoltaic cells, in an effort to effectively collect electrical power from the sun’s rays. According to a professor at the University of Oregon, the entire surface of the earth receives an average of approximately 84 Terawatts of power from the sun in a 24-hour day (University of Oregon, 2001). Research done by the Energy Information Association shows that the annual worldwide power consumption in the year 2004 was 15 Terawatts (EIA, 2006). Clearly, the sun provides us with much more energy than we need. Moreover, this energy does not produce waste and is overly available, as shown by the fact that the planet earth intercepts more energy from the sun than is used in an entire year through the burning of fossil fuels (EIA, 2006). The question at hand is, what is keeping us from converting into a civilization tha... ...ea [Online Image], Retrieved Aug 1, 2007, from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Solar_land_area.png Smith, C. (1995, July 18) Retrieved August 1, 2007, from http://www.solarenergy.com/info_history.html Solar. (2006, June 1) Retrieved August 1, 2007, from http://www.inforse.org/europe/dieret/Solar/solar.html Solar Cell. [Online Image]. (2005). Retrieved August 1, 2007, from http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/pv_systems.html Solar Two [Online Image]. (2006). Retrieved August 1, 2007, from http://www.inforse.org/europe/dieret/Solar/solar.html Williams, W. (2007, August 1) Retrieved August 1, 2007, from http://www.energyefficienthomearticles.com/Article/energy-efficient-homes---solar-power----Advantages-and-Disadvantages-of-Solar-Powered-Home-/5906 Xiarhos, M. (2007, July 13) Retrieved August 1, 2007, from http://www.enn.com/energy.html?id=1653 Solar Power for Homes Essay -- Solar PV Panels Photovoltaic Cells Harnessing the Sun’s Energy: Solar Power for Homes The use of solar power is all around us. Calculators, roadside emergency telephones, and street-side speed radars all utilize the sun’s limitless rays to provide power for their simple functions. As simple as these functions may be, solar power is nonetheless capable of powering much greater things. The technology and motivation for this exists; all the planet needs is time and funding before it becomes a planet powered solely by the luminous rays of the great sun. But before this universal shift towards solar power happens, citizens have the choice and ability to install their own personal solar power system for their private homes. After weighing the advantages against the disadvantages, the correct choice should be clear. The sun has been a candidate for a universal power source for centuries. Since as early as 1839, scientists have been researching the concept of photovoltaic cells, in an effort to effectively collect electrical power from the sun’s rays. According to a professor at the University of Oregon, the entire surface of the earth receives an average of approximately 84 Terawatts of power from the sun in a 24-hour day (University of Oregon, 2001). Research done by the Energy Information Association shows that the annual worldwide power consumption in the year 2004 was 15 Terawatts (EIA, 2006). Clearly, the sun provides us with much more energy than we need. Moreover, this energy does not produce waste and is overly available, as shown by the fact that the planet earth intercepts more energy from the sun than is used in an entire year through the burning of fossil fuels (EIA, 2006). The question at hand is, what is keeping us from converting into a civilization tha... ...ea [Online Image], Retrieved Aug 1, 2007, from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Solar_land_area.png Smith, C. (1995, July 18) Retrieved August 1, 2007, from http://www.solarenergy.com/info_history.html Solar. (2006, June 1) Retrieved August 1, 2007, from http://www.inforse.org/europe/dieret/Solar/solar.html Solar Cell. [Online Image]. (2005). Retrieved August 1, 2007, from http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/pv_systems.html Solar Two [Online Image]. (2006). Retrieved August 1, 2007, from http://www.inforse.org/europe/dieret/Solar/solar.html Williams, W. (2007, August 1) Retrieved August 1, 2007, from http://www.energyefficienthomearticles.com/Article/energy-efficient-homes---solar-power----Advantages-and-Disadvantages-of-Solar-Powered-Home-/5906 Xiarhos, M. (2007, July 13) Retrieved August 1, 2007, from http://www.enn.com/energy.html?id=1653

Characteristics of Just Laws And Views Essay

A just law has a number of widely recognized characteristics. A just law is characterized by the following: –treats all people equally The notion of equality is an important aspect of the law. Although a just law may be providing equality it doesn’t always occur that way. For example, a wealthy person may be able to afford legal representation, but those people who can’t afford legal representation will be disadvantaged and will not have an equal opportunity before the law. –is based on generally held religious or ethical precepts The common law legal system is the product of various historical influences, many of which were the religious and moral viewpoints of different times. In today’s society, ethics and how they coincide with the law are being replaced by the need for the law to protect society as a whole and consider economic interests. –is utilitarian Utilitarianism is the theory which suggests the law aims to ensure the greatest possible happiness for the greatest possible number of people. –stresses consensus and social cohesion above all Democracy helps create legal consensus. Democratic processes provide all citizens within the state with the opportunity to develop or create the law. Democratic processes will generally require a majority or consensus to bring a law into being. Democratic processes are designed to endure the survival and well being of the community through stressing consensus. –allows for general principles to be mitigated in individual cases Mitigation allows for fairness. The law attempts to treat everyone equally; that = everyone in similar situations is taxed the same, everyone who commits the same crime is given the same penalty. However the courts have discretion to reduce the penalty according to the circumstances. — aims to redress inequalities –It leaves people free To the extent that people do not break the law, a just law will leave people free. –It takes into account of limitations in material resources. –It can be invoked without undue delay. A just law should deal with a legal problem or dispute as soon as practicable after that problem or dispute arises. This is because people’s memories fade and so their evidence becomes less reliable as time passes. But this is not always the case, as currently the Australian legal system has lengthy delays and cases take long periods of time to reach the courts. Formal Equality – theory side of the actual practice. Here in theory everyone in Australia is treated equally and given the same opportunities Institutionalized equality- this is the practical side to it. Although it seems everyone in Australia is equal there are people in sub groups in society who are part of a minority and aren’t able to benefit from the opportunities. E.g. of formal equality: Everyone has to right to access the law. Everyone has the right to vote EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY-Equal treatment of people in access to employment and services. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..So everyone has the right to apply for a job. They have equal rights to a safe working environment. (work cover). Everyone has the equal opportunity to access the minimum wage. EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW-Everyone is treated equally in their dealings with the law. E.g. The rule of law. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦So everyone has the implied right to legal representation. All Australian citizens are allowed to contest evidence put forward during court (natural justice – cross examination). EQUALITY OF OUTCOMES-A practice whereby the law, policy or precedent aims to ensure that, regardless of educational or socioeconomic background, or inequality of opportunity, the result of certain exercises will be equality†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..so legal aid, if people aren’t able to afford legal representation they are given the opportunity to apply for legal aid. Does formal equality before the law hides institutionalized inequality? This relates most to EQUALITY OF OUTCOMES because this area is where the law has its most flaws. Although everyone might have the same opportunity not everyone is able to understand that system. For example unskilled migrants who come to Australia looking for a better life think Australia has equal everything†¦true but its not equal if you don’t understand it and aren’t familiar with it. For example: if you come from a non – English speaking background to Australia and get into trouble with the law or are being framed or a victim of fraud and exploitation how are you going to access the law and legal representation if you cant speak the language and don’t understand the system. Therefore not an equal opportunity.

E Commerce And The Changing Logistics - 1794 Words

E-commerce and the Changing Logistics This is a research project aimed at four different topics within e-commerce and the dynamic landscape of logistics within this emerging field. I will first be focusing on current landscape of e-commerce. Secondly the focus will be shifted to a global perspective and the difference of markets based on region. Thirdly I will cover the future trends of e-commerce, and the differences that we may see. Finally, I will present data on select countries and how they are affected by e-commerce currently and the changes that we can expect to see in the future. While researching this broad and developing topic, I have found that there are a handful of takeaways that can be seen in the entirety of this paper: I.†¦show more content†¦Euromonitor estimated that global e-commerce sales totaled over 500 billion dollars in year 2012, resulting in a 14.8% growth per year from 2007 to 2012. This rate is much higher than total retail sales which only increased 0.9% from 2007 to 2012 annually. While online sales percentages sound drastic, the reality is that only 4% of global retail sales accounted for actual online retail sales. The below chart from Euromonitor shows the 2012 online retail sales as a percentage of total retail sales per selected countries. There is no doubt that online retail is growing everywhere, but one thing to stay aware of is that the landscape is very diverse. This means that there are countries and regions that are at different stages of development in regard to their e-commerce and online retail maturity. Even though there is a lot of variation, one thing to note is that with only a total of 4% of sales being online globally in 2012, the e-tailing emergence real ly has only just begun. In the perspective of developed markets, the percentage of online sales account for between 5-15% of total retail sales. The major developed markets for e-commerce are South Korea, United States, France, Germany and the UK. These markets all have a few things in common including: †¢ Each country has a large population that uses the internet and mobile broadband frequently. †¢ Fixed and mobile broadband rates are low and most people can afford this luxury. †¢ Most